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| Tsimshian | |
|---|---|
| Sm'algyax | |
| Native to | Canada, United States |
| Region | northwest British Columbia, southeast Alaska |
| Ethnicity | 8,162 Tsimshian |
Native speakers | 275 in Canada, 3 in the United States (2016 census, 2020)[1][2][3] |
Tsimshianic
| |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Alaska[4] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | tsi |
| ISO 639-3 | tsi (with Sgüüx̣s) |
| Glottolog | coas1300 |
| ELP | Sm̓algya̱x (Coast Tsimshian) |
| People | Ts’msyan |
|---|---|
| Language | Sm'álgyax |
| Country | La̱xyuubm Ts’msyen[5] |
Tsimshian, known by its speakers as Sm'álgyax,[6] is a dialect of the Tsimshian language spoken in northwestern British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Sm'algyax means literally "real or true language."
The linguist Tonya Stebbins estimated the number of speakers of Tsimshian in 2001 as around 400 and in 2003 as 200 or fewer (see references below). Whichever figure is more accurate, she added in 2003 that most speakers are over 70 in age and very few are under 50. About 50 of an ethnic population of 1,300 Tsimshian in Alaska speak the language.
- ^ "Language Highlight Tables, 2016 Census - Aboriginal mother tongue, Aboriginal language spoken most often at home and Other Aboriginal language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 Census – 100% Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Government of Canada, Statistics. 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
- ^ "Tsimshian". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
- ^ "2020 Biennial Report to the Governor and Legislature" (PDF). Alaska Native Language Preservation & Advisory Council.
- ^ Chappell, Bill (21 April 2014). "Alaska OKs Bill Making Native Languages Official". NPR.
- ^ Armstrong, Chelsey Geralda; Lyons, Natasha; McAlvay, Alex C.; Ritchie, Patrick Morgan; Lepfsky, Dana; Blake, Michael (2023). "Historical ecology of forest garden management in Laxyuubm Ts'msyen and beyond". Ecosystems and People. 19 (1). Bibcode:2023EcoPe..1960823A. doi:10.1080/26395916.2022.2160823.
- ^ "Sm'álgyax: The Tsimshian Language". 13 April 2012. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
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